Summary - Draft #1

The article by Leonard (2022) “Innovation at the end of the tunnel” informs the public about the growing needs for underground infrastructure that is fueled by population growth and urbanization which resulted in the increase in demands for sanitization, logistics and transportation. In days of yore, tunnels have been used for purposes such as for irrigation, drainage and water transport systems as well as communication routes. For coon's ages, human strength has been the primary determining factor in construction techniques. Furthermore, new techniques also didn't appear until the industrial revolution, the building of railroads, and the mining of tunnels. Additionally, future technology such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics and drones have significantly enhanced the process of tunnel drilling. Tunnel drilling has been attracting newcomers, such as the start-up Petra, Hypertunnel and Elon Musk, boss of Tesla with his Boring Company, to the game, ready to challenge the established order with their advanced technology. Despite recent developments in cutting-edge tunnel construction technology, which will be able to streamline the procedure and ultimately revolutionize how people use the underground region, the tunnel boring machine remains superior to aforementioned advance equipment and technology.

Edited: 27 Jan 2023

References:

1.     “Innovation at the End of the Tunnel | Leonard, Foresight and Innovation by VINCI.” Leonard, Foresight and Innovation by VINCI, 25 Jan. 2022, leonard.vinci.com/en/innovation-at-the-end-of-the-tunnel.